ESTIMATE of QIBLA DIRECTION with STARS

After all studies way to approximating qibla direction with help of the sun, we will try by seeing star, from all place of earth. How?
Universal Scheme which I am create will remain be applied, but there are some term again in order to be known.

Ah, confused! Stars are in the sky, aren't they!? *protest*
Correct, therefore you requires GP or Geographic Position.

GP (Geographic Position)
GP meaning of its easy to be projection of star on the surface of earth. Imagines is just a bee flying under lamp, its shadow in floor we would name GP of Bee. The consequence is GP changing every time, shifts always eastward to west (because rotation of earth (?).. sky? hmm.. who is actually rotary? :) .

Celestial Coordinate Systems
By the astronomers, The stars mapped in co-ordinate as does earth co-ordinate, named with Dec (Declination; same as earth's latitude) and RA (Right Ascension; analogous with earth's Meridian). For Example Co-Ordinate Betelgeuse is Dec: 7°246'N, RA: 5:55:38

Because rotation effect of earth, hence star that is impressing rotary eastward to West if seen from earth. Therefore, astronom–navigator– what relies on determination of position of based on sky objects *like me :P * requires other co-ordinate to be attributed to earth. Dec (Declination) beyond question equal to Latitude. What with Right ascension?

Right ascension is calculated to starts from a ”place” in the sky named Vernal Equinox, is like the things of Meridian agreed on started from Greenwich).

Earth Co-Ordinate Systems and Celestial Coordinate Systems are two different coordinate systems. What merging it?

Co-Ordinate GP= Dec, GHA ( Greenwich Hour Angle)

Geographic Position always moves, After passing meridian Jakarta, few minutes then will pass New Delhi,…Mekkah, Greenwich,.. tomorrow jakarta again etc. This value will merge celestial co-ordinate and earth. Takes one places as universal directive; Meridian Greenwich, causing longitude GP value of celestial object is named GHA, Greenwich Hour angle. GHA is angular value required by sky object for towards / leaves Meridian Greenwich. *Greenwich again...grrh…*

Meridian Value of Greenwich is 0, then shifted towards west. Rotated is full 360=0 again. So;
GHA 90° = Longitude 90° W
GHA 270°= Longitude 90° E

(I prefer to use term JHA, Jakarta Hour Angle, that ”more Indonesia”.. :P . But this term unknown in celestial navigation, besides becoming not universal again)
So now our is coordinate systems GP is Dec, GHA (not anymore Dec & RA or Latitude & Longitude). There are the formula;

======================
GP shifts 1° to west every 4 minute and 1° to west every day

======================
Only this formula which must be learned by heart. While assessing Dec (Declination) relatively stable.

Hereunder GP co-ordinate list tables of stars. Directive date of 21 Marchs 2008 hours 1200 GMT. If you accustomed decumbent to sky, star recommended for celestial navigation of this possible sky have been old stuff?

Acamar = Dec:40°16.4'S, GHA:314°44.1 '
Achernar = Dec:57°11.8'S, GHA:334°52.6 '
Acrux = Dec:63°08.7'S, GHA:172°36.1 '
Adhara = Dec:28°59.2'S, GHA:254°38.2 '
Albireo = Dec:27°58.3'N, GHA:66°36.8 '
Aldebaran= Dec:16°31.7'N, GHA:290°16.7 '
Alioth = Dec:55°54.7'N, GHA:165°45.9 '
Alkaid = Dec:49°16.0'N, GHA:152°23.9 '
Al Na'ir = Dec:46°55.2'S, GHA:27°11.5 '
Alnilam = Dec: 1°118'S, GHA:275°130 '
Alphard = Dec: 8°418'S, GHA:217°223 '
Alphecca = Dec:26°40.9'N, GHA:125°36.7 '
Alpheratz = Dec:29°08.2'N, GHA:357°10.7 '
Altair = Dec: 8°531'N, GHA:61°350 '
Ankaa = Dec:42°15.7'S, GHA:352°42.5 '
Antares = Dec:26°27.1'S, GHA:111°53.6 '
Arcturus = Dec:19°08.6'N, GHA:145°21.3 '
Atria = Dec:69°02.4'S, GHA:106°59.0 '
Avior = Dec:59°32.4'S, GHA:233°42.1 '
Bellatrix = Dec: 6°214'N GHA:277°589 '
Betelgeuse = Dec: 7°245'N, GHA:270°282 '
Canopus = Dec:52°42.2'S, GHA:263°20.5 '
Capella = Dec:46°00.7'N, GHA:280°03.1 '
Castor = Dec:31°52.4'N, GHA:245°35.3 '
Deneb = Dec:45°18.3'N, GHA:48°57.2 '
Denebola = Dec:14°31.4'N, GHA:181°59.8 '
Diphda = Dec:17°56.5'S, GHA:348°22.8 '
Dubhe = Dec:61°42.4'N, GHA:193°18.1 '
Elnath = Dec:28°37.0'N, GHA:277°40.3 '
Eltanin = Dec:51°28.8'N, GHA:90°10.6 '
Enif = Dec: 9°546'N, GHA:33°138 '
Fomalhaut = Dec:29°34.7'S, GHA:14°51.2 '
Gacrux = Dec:57°09.6'S, GHA:171°27.7 '
Gienah = Dec:17°35.4'S, GHA:175°18.7 '
Hadar = Dec:60°24.8'S, GHA:148°15.9 '
Hamal = Dec:23°30.2'N, GHA:327°28.3 '
Hose Australis = Dec:34°22.9'S, GHA:83°11.7 '
Kochab = Dec:74°06.9'N, GHA:136°41.1 '
Markab = Dec:15°14.8'N, GHA:13°05.3 '
Menkar = Dec: 4°073'N, GHA:313°420 '
Menkent = Dec:36°24.7'S, GHA:147°34.5 '
Miaplacidus = Dec:69°45.3'S, GHA:221°02.7 '
Mirfak = Dec:49°53.7'N, GHA:308°09.1 '
Nunki = Dec:26°17.2'S, GHA:75°25.9 '
Peacock = Dec:56°42.4'S, GHA:52°48.2 '
Polaris = Dec:89°17.2'N, GHA:320°21.1 '
Pollux = Dec:28°00.5'N, GHA:242°54.8 '
Procyon = Dec: 5°125'N, GHA:244°261 '
Rosalhague = Dec:12°33.0'N, GHA:95°32.7 '
Regulus = Dec:11°55.5'N, GHA:207°09.9 '
Rigel = Dec: 8°116'S, GHA:280°385 '
Rigil Kent = Dec:60°52.3'S, GHA:139°17.7 '
Sabik = Dec:15°44.3'S, GHA:101°39.6 '
Schedar = Dec:56°35.0'N, GHA:349°08.5 '
Shaula = Dec:37°06.6'S, GHA:95°49.8 '
Sirius = Dec:16°43.5'S, GHA:257°59.6 '
Spica = Dec:11°12.5'S, GHA:157°57.7 '
Suhail = Dec:43°28.2'S, GHA:222°17.8 '
Vega = Dec:38°47.0'N, GHA:80°04.4 '
Zuben el genubi = Dec:16°04.7'S, GHA:136°32.2 '

Source:
Software Navigator Light, http://www.tecepe.com.br/nav/
Note: There is names 'smells’ arabia because of course found by moslem astronomer.

Almost alike the sun object, mode of action based on star as follows:
1. Draws line from our co-ordinate towards Kaaba in Scheme. Mark with lines again in globe side its is impressing expressed from line before all.
2. Determines star trajectory (one or more) which we would make guidance according to line latitude/ the declination, & GHA hour 12 GMT according to date. Point of intersection between no1 with no2 that is which will show qibla direction.
3. Difference calculate between point of intersections with GHA.

Example of from Jakarta, will do observation of date of 1 januari 2008.
1. Draws line from co-ordinate jakarta (6°9'S, 106°51 'E) towards Kiblat. Mark with lines again in globe side its is impressing expressed from line before all.

2. Determines star trajectory wanted & have been recognized carefully, for example Bellatrix (including compatible of Orion). the GP Co-Ordinate = Dec: 6°214'N, GHA 277°589' (Sees Tables).

January 1st = 79 days before March 21th, value GHA shifts easterly becomes 198°589' (Remembers formula), this is 12.00 GMT. Plotting this coordinate point in scheme sheet (Sees guidance GHA green colour, 198°589' equivalent with earth coordinate 161°011' E).

3. Simply intersection at two points, that is GHA 280°00'E and 73°30'.

# Difference of Intersection I (GHA 280°00'E) from 'GHA 12 o'clock' is 81°011'towards west, or 324 minutes, or 5 hours 24 minutes after 12 o'clock, that is 1724 GMT. Changed to WIB….... 00.24 WIB.

# Difference of Intersection II (GHA 73°30'W) is 125°29'eastwards, or 502, or 8 hours 22 minutes before 12 o'clock GMT, or, that is 0338 GMT. Changed to local time became 1038 WIB. Noon has, the star 'closed by sunshine.

Please try other day, or same day but the other star. Or aliance between the sun observations and star. Example for April 2nd 2008 from Semarang:
The sun shows Qibla direction is 13:21 WIB, then
Betelgeuse= 1844 WIB.
Aldebaran= 1905 WIB.
Regulus=2348 WIB.
Denebola=0153 WIB.

Alhamdulillah, simply we can always corrects direction of direction from minute to minute.
Hopefully useful. Suggestion and criticism hardly is expected.

Naf'an Akhun

Note.
Precession
As does rotation of whirligig, top which ¨ lurchs¨ that is precession. requires time 26000 years. With existence of motion of precession, star star actually no ' stable’ at one's post his(its.
Position Of slow Vernal Equinox shifted to west, RA and Dec also changes 14 degrees every century or about friction of RA 1 minute every 20 years. Because of change of star co-ordinate in old time spread, hence the friction is for a while earns we to overrule.

Reference:
1. Jason Harris and the KStars Team < kstars@30doradusorg>, Desktop Planetarium KStars Linux Knoppix 37.
2. http://jacq.istos.com.au/sundry/navcel.html
3. Software Navigator Light, http://www.tecepe.com.br/nav/
4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_object